BASE AND BODY CERVICAL SPINE X RAY SKIN

Depending on the severity of pain and the extent of pathology, medial bundle branch blocks or rhizotomies may be performed. Initial modes of pain relief are oral anti-inflammatory agents, as well as epidural injections. Goals of therapy are to decrease pain, improve range of motion, strengthen muscles, and improve spinal biomechanics. Pain relief is used to decrease the level of inflammation, allowing for physical therapy which includes segmental mobilization. In the acute phase, management consists of pain relief, physical therapy, and surgery. Electrophysiological studies can be performed to evaluate and elucidate the nerve roots affected by injured cervical disc. Patients with equivocal studies may opt for a discography when conservative measures fail. Findings include decreased disc height, reduced signal intensity, and spondylotic osteophytes. Magnetic resonance imaging is the best modality to assess cord compression and disc herniation. A ratio of 0.8 and below has been considered indicative of cervical spinal stenosis. The Torg ratio is the sagittal canal/vertebral body ratio measured on cervical spine lateral radiographs. There is a higher incidence of cervical cord injury demonstrated with the use of plain radiographs in the assessment of cervical spine stenosis. In chronic disc degeneration, decreased disc height and osteophytes can be seen. Plain radiography is an initial and inexpensive method of evaluating the cervical spine for an osseous injury. There is increased the risk of injury in cervical spine compared to the more fixed thoracic spine. This composition allows for flexibility and mobility of the cervical spine. The composition is of inner nucleus pulposus of mucoprotein gel and outer annulus fibrosus. The upper surface of each has a shallow sulcus for the eighth cervical nerve.Ī cervical disc separates each cervical vertebrae. The transverse processes are larger in size.

BASE AND BODY CERVICAL SPINE X RAY SKIN

C7 has a distinctive long and prominent spinous process, which is palpable from the skin surface. The body is deeper in front than behind, and prolonged downward anteriorly, so there is an overlap of the upper and front part of the third vertebra. The most distinctive feature of C2 vertebrae is the strong odontoid process (dens) that rises perpendicularly from the upper surface of the body. It has no body due to fusion with axis (C2) vertebrae which acts as a pivot for the atlas to rotate. Motion is mainly posteriorly at the superior and inferior articular processes with the vertebral artery, vein, and sympathetic plexus running through anterior foramen transversarium of the transverse process.Ĭ1 (atlas) connects the skull and spine mainly by ligamentous attachments. The anatomy of C3 to C6 consists of a central body, the pedicles anteriorly, lamina posteriorly completing a ring around the spinal cord. The structure of C1, C2, and C7 have distinctive properties compared to C3 to C6. The cervical vertebrae are numbered C1 to C7 from the base of the skull to the thoracic vertebrae. The vertebral column consists of seven cervical, 12 thoracic, five lumbar, five sacral, and three to five coccygeal vertebrae. The spinal cord is a nervous tissue bundle from the medulla oblongata in the brainstem to the lumbar region, and the vertebral column protects it. This activity reviews the etiology, presentation, evaluation, and management of cervical discopathies, and reviews the role of the interprofessional team in evaluating, diagnosing, and managing the condition. There is increased the risk of injury in the cervical spine compared to the more fixed thoracic spine. This composition allows for flexibility and mobility of the cervical spine. A cervical disc separates each cervical vertebrae. The cervical vertebrae are numbered C1 to C7 from the base of the skull to the thoracic vertebrae.

Base and body cervical spine x ray